2007 年 11 月 22 日


Polite and plain style...

The Japanese language has two styles of speech, polite and plain style.
Polite style is accompanied by either です or ます. Plain style is similar to dictionary form or without です.
The polite form can be used at anytime in any place, and to anybody. Therefore the polite style is used most commonly in daily conversation between adults who are not close friends. It is used when talking to a person one has met for the first time, to one's superiors, or even to persons in a similar age group to whom one is not very close.
The plain style is used when talking to one's close friends, colleagues and family members. It is also used in written work such as newspapers, books, letters and diaries.

Note that when you cannot tell the situation, it is safer to use the polite style. Otherwise you could sound rough and impolite.

Conversation in the plain style:

1) Questions in the plain style generally omit the particle か and end with a rising intonation such as のむ ( up intonation ).
2) In noun and な adjective questions, だ is omitted. In an answer in the affirmative, ending だ could sound too rough. You can either omit だ or add some sentence final particle to soften the tone of the sentence. Women seldom use だ.
3) In the plain style, certain particles are often omitted if the meaning of the sentence is evident from the context. However で/に/から/まで/と etc are not omitted because the meaning of the sentence may not be clear without them.
In the plain style, い of verb て form いる is also often dropped.
5) けど has the same function as が , which is used to connect two sentences.

How to make plain style verbs:

How to make plain style ~い adjectives:

How to make plain style ~な adjectives & nouns:

Polite and plain style examples: